Hard Disk related commands in Linux


Checking Disk capacity, Partition tables, etc.
[root@server ~]# fdisk -l

Get Detailed/current information directly from hard drive
[root@server ~]# hdparm -I /dev/sda

Check available/used/free spaces in each partitions
[root@server ~]# df -h

Check Hard drive speeds
[root@server ~]# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda

To list the partition tables for the specified devices
#fdisk -l

Pass print option to displays the partition table
#parted /dev/sda print

To display all disks and storage controllers in the system
#lshw -class disk -class storage

Find Out Disks Name Only
#lshw -short -C disk

The smartctl command act as a control and monitor Utility for SMART disks under Linux and Unix like operating systems
#smartctl -d ata -a -i /dev/sda

Partition the new disk using fdisk command
#fdisk -l | grep '^Disk'

Format the new disk using mkfs.ext3 command
#mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

Mount the new disk using mount command
#mkdir /disk1
#mount /dev/sdb1 /disk1
#df -H

Label the partition
#e2label /dev/sdb1 /backup

Checking the Hard Disk for errors
#fsck.file_system_type, E.g #fsck.ext3

Show list of partitions mounted
# df -h   [man]

show the used space by installed deb packages, sorting by size
#dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n' | sort -k1,1n

Estimate space used by directory 'dir1'
#du -sh dir1

Show size of the files and directories sorted by size
#du -sk * | sort -rn

Show size of the files and directories ordered by size
#ls -lSr |more

Show space used by rpm packages installed sorted by size
# rpm -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n' | sort -k1,1n

Format a floppy disk
# fdformat -n /dev/fd0

Create a filesystem type linux ext2 on hda1 partition
# mke2fs /dev/hda1

Create a filesystem type linux ext3 on hda1 partition
# mke2fs -j /dev/hda1

Create a filesystem type linux on hda1 partition
# mkfs /dev/hda1

Create a FAT32 filesystem
# mkfs -t vfat 32 -F /dev/hda1

Create a swap filesystem
# mkswap /dev/hda3

Force umount when the device is busy
# fuser -km /mnt/hda2

Mount disk called hda2 - verify existence of the directory '/ mnt/hda2'
# mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2

Mount a floppy disk
# mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy

Mount a cdrom / dvdrom
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

Mount a cdrw / dvdrom
# mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder

Mount a cdrw / dvdrom   [man]
# mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder

Mount a file or iso image
# mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom

Mount a Windows FAT32 file system
# mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5

Mount a usb pen-drive or flash-drive
# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk

Mount a windows network share
# mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //WinClient/share /mnt/share

Unmount disk called hda2 - exit from mount point '/ mnt/hda2' first
# umount /dev/hda2

Run umount without writing the file /etc/mtab - useful when the file is read-only or the hard disk is full
# umount -n /mnt/hda2

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